Scaffolding in Construction
Overview of Topic
The OSHA rules for scaffolding in construction (29 CFR 1926 Subpart L) are designed to protect workers from falls and other hazards associated with working on scaffolds. These regulations cover the design, construction, and use of scaffolding, including supported scaffolds, suspended scaffolds, and aerial lifts. Proper use and regular inspection are crucial to ensure the safety of workers who use scaffolding on construction sites.
Inspection Before Use Requirements
A competent person must inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect the scaffold’s structural integrity. Key inspection points include:
- Checking that all components are in good condition and properly installed.
- Ensuring that the scaffold is plumb, level, and square.
- Verifying that guardrails, toeboards, and other fall protection measures are in place.
Damaged or defective scaffolds must be immediately removed from service.
Use Requirements
- Weight Limits: Scaffolds must not be loaded beyond their maximum intended load or rated capacity. Consider the weight of workers, tools, and materials when determining load limits.
- Stability: Scaffolds must be erected on solid footing and secured to the building or structure to prevent tipping. Never use unstable objects such as barrels or blocks to support scaffolding.
- Access: Safe access to scaffold platforms must be provided, such as ladders, stair towers, or ramps. Climbing on cross braces is strictly prohibited.
- Planking: Scaffold planks must be fully decked, and platforms should be at least 18 inches wide. Ensure that planks are properly secured to prevent movement.
General Industry Rules Applicable to Construction
OSHA has determined that the following general industry rules (1910 Subpart D) also apply to construction scaffolding:
- Scaffolds must be able to support at least four times their maximum intended load.
- Scaffolding must be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person.
- Workers must wear fall protection, such as personal fall arrest systems, when working on scaffolds more than 10 feet above a lower level.
- Overhead protection, such as canopies, must be used when there is a risk of falling objects.
Other Safety Rules
- Fall Protection: Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards must be installed on all open sides and ends of scaffold platforms 10 feet or higher. Personal fall arrest systems are required when guardrails are not feasible.
- Electrical Hazards: Scaffolds must be kept at least 10 feet away from energized power lines.
- Weather Conditions: Workers should not be allowed on scaffolds during high winds, storms, or when the scaffold is covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials unless proper fall protection is in place.
Specific Scaffold Types
Refer to the applicable regulations for each scaffold type:
- Supported Scaffolds: 29 CFR 1926.451(c)
- Suspended Scaffolds: 29 CFR 1926.451(d)
- Aerial Lifts: 29 CFR 1926.453
Employee Training
OSHA requires that all employees who work on scaffolds receive training by a qualified person to recognize hazards associated with the type of scaffold they are using and to understand how to control or minimize those hazards. Training topics should include:
- Scaffold load capacity and stability.
- Fall protection requirements.
- Proper use of scaffolding components and equipment.
Training Tips
- Review the specific OSHA regulations at 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L that apply to your worksite and scaffold types.
- Conduct regular toolbox talks and hands-on training sessions to ensure that workers understand scaffold safety and inspection procedures.
Where to Go for More Information
Always prioritize safety when working with scaffolding to prevent accidents and injuries on the job site!
